Fiber Architecture Fusiform (parallel)

Fiber Architecture(Struktur serat)
Fusiform (parallel)
• Serat otot bergerak
secara longitudinal
• Umumnya serat otot
tidak merentang
sepanjang otot.
(generally fibers do
not extend the entire
length of muscle)
Fiber Architecture
Pennate Serat bergerak
diagonal terhadap urat
daging (fibers run
diagonal to the tendon
(short fibers))
Fusiform vs. Pennate
• fusiform
– Keuntungan: sarcomeres berada
dalam rangkian jadi kecepatan
maksimal dan dan ROM meningkat.
– Kerugian: termasuk rendah # dari
parallel sarcomeres jadi tenaga
rendah
• pennate
– Keuntungan : meningkatkan # dari
sarcomeres ke parallel, sehingga
PCSA dan tenaga meningkat
– Kerugian : mengurangi ROM and
penurunan kecepatan
Pennation Angles
Muscle
gastrocnemius
Pennation Angle
(deg)
10-25
soleus
15-30
tibialis anterior
5-10
biceps femoris
0
Catatan : sudut pennation mungkin meningkat seiring dengan
peningkatan tegangan otot. (These pennation angles may
increase as the muscle tension increases.)
From: Multiple Muscle Systems, Winters and Woo
Fiber Type Comparison
Type I
slow
Type IIa
fast
Type IIb
fast
glycolytic
small
low
oxidative,
glycolytic
large
high
high
medium
low
low
medium
high
low
medium
high
Shortening
Speed
Energy System oxidative
Size
Force per unit
of mass
Aerobic
Capacity
Anaerobic
Capacity
Fatigability)
large
high
Perhatikan bahwa serat tipe I adalah yang terkecil, karena mengacu pada
prinsip ukuran, mereka diterima pertama kali.(Note that type I fibers are
smallest therefore, according to the size principle, they are recruited first).
Fiber Types (Jenis Serat)
• Semua serat dalam sebuah unit motor adalah jenis yang
sama.(all fibers within a motor unit are of the same type)
• Dalam sebuah otot ada dari gabungan jenis serat. (within a
muscle there is a mixture of fiber types)
• Jenis serat mungkin berubah dengan latihan.
• Penerimaan yang diatur (recruitment is ordered)
– type I serat diterima pertama (awal terkecil, sentakan neuron
rendah) fibers recruited 1st (lowest threshold, slow twitch
neurons)
– type IIa serat diterima kedua (awal medium, sentakan perlawanan
neuron lelah cepat)  fibers recruited second (medium threshold,
fast twitch fatigue resistant neurons)
– type IIb serat diterima terakhir (awal tertinggi, sentakan neuron
lelah cepat )  fibers recruited last (highest threshold, fast twitch
fatigable neurons)
Fiber Type Distribution (Distribusi
Jenis Serat)
Muscle
vastus medialis
Fiber Type
(%SO, %FOG,
%FG)
50, 15, 35
erector spinae
58, - ,42
soleus
80, - , 20
orbicularis oculi
15, - , 85
From: Multiple Muscle Systems, Winters and Woo
Twitch Force
Force and Fatigue (Tenaga dan
Kelelahan)
MU1 (type IIb)
MU2 (type IIa)
MU3 (type I)
Tetanic Force
Time (short duration)
MU1
MU2
MU3
Time (long duration)
Force – Velocity Relationship
(Hubungan tenaga-tegangan)
force
v<0
(eccentric)
v=0
(isometric)
Catatan: Diperuntukkan bagi
kontraksi maksimum pada jarak
relaksasi otot.(This is for a maximal
contraction at the resting length of
the muscle).
v>0
(concentric)
velocity of contraction
(kecepatan kontraksi)
Hubungan Kekuatan-Kecepatan
(Power – Velocity Relationship)
F
Power (F*v)
v
30% vmax
long fibers
short fibers
Muscle Velocity (cm/s)
Force (N)
Force (N)
Struktur dan Kekuatan/Kecepatan
(Architecture and Force/Velocity)
large PCSA
small PCSA
Muscle Velocity (cm/s)
Active Length-Tension
L0= jarak relaksasi(tidak berkontraksi
maupun merentang) resting length
(neither contracted nor stretched)
T
e
n
s
i
o
n
Length
L0
Panjang-Tegangan (Length-Tension)
Catatan: Diperuntukkan
bagi kontraksi isometerik
maksimum.
T
e
n
s
i
o
n
physiological
range
combined
active
passive
Length
L
0
Struktur dan Panjang/Tegangan
(Architecture and Length/Tension)
large PCSA
short fibers
Muscle Length (cm)
Force (N)
Force (N)
long fibers
small PCSA
Muscle Length (cm)
Jumlah sendi yang dilewati. (Number of
Joints Crossed)
uniarticular or monoarticular
– otot melintasi tulang sendi,
jadi mempengaruhi gerakan
hanya pada 1 tulang sendi.(the
muscle crosses 1 joint, so it
affects motion at only 1 joint)
biarticular and
multiarticular (multijoint)
– otot melintasi 2 atau lebih sendi,
menghasilkan gerakan melintasi banyak
sendi.(the muscle crosses 2 (bi) or more
(multi) joints, so it can produce motion
across multiple joints)