5. Pencemaran Minyak

5. Pencemaran Minyak
[email protected]
KOMPOSISI MINYAK
Minyak (Crude oil)
Hidrokarbon
Minyak (crude oil)
Hidrokarbon
Non hidrokarbon
Non hidrokarbon
83-87%
atom
karbon
10-14%
atom
hidrogen
0,1-2%
nitrogen
0,05-6%
sulfur
0,05-1,5%
oksigen
< 0,3%
V, Fe, Ni
JENIS MINYAK
Organik
Minyak
• Tanaman, hewan,
dan organisme lain
melalui proses
metabolisme alami
• Contoh lipid, steroid
Mineral
• bahan organik kuno fosil,
seperti zooplankton dan
ganggang, tumbuhan dan
hewan, yang mengalami
proses geokimia
kemudian berubah
menjadi minyak
Light weight
components
• C1-C10
• More bioavailable
High weight
components
Medium weight
components
• ≥ C23
• Chronic, car inogenic
• C11-C22
• Less affect on
organism
TEORI ASAL MULA MINYAK
Teori
Organik
Teori
anorganik
Teori Asal
Minyak
Teori Anorganik (Abiogenesis)
Alkali
metal
CO₂
Karbida
Karbida
H₂O
Ocetylena
Ocetylena
Suhu
tinggi
Benzena
Teori Organik (Biogenesis)
Pengumpulan &
pengawetan zat
organik dalam
sedimen
Degrad
asi
thermal
Reaksi
katalis
Aktifasi
Radioa
Transformasi
menjadi minyak
bakteri
ktivasi
Migrasi minyak
bumi dalam sedimen
Akumulasi tetes
minyak
FATE MINYAK
www.nap.edu
SUMBER PENCEMARAN
http://galuhadhitiaputra.blogspot.com/2011/10/pencemaran-air-laut-karenalimbah.html
http://marinesciencebrawijaya.blogspot.com/2012_01_08_archive.html
(Harrison, 2001)
(Thibodeaux et al., 2011)
EFEK PENCEMARAN MINYAK
www.nap.edu
(Harrison, 2001)
CLEAN UP
Natural Clean Up
From: http://www.itopf.com/fate.html
Human Intervention Clean Up
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Booms,
Skimmers (remove floating oil)
Sorbents (absorb oil) : straw/peat/synthetic
Dispersing agents,
Gelling agents (aid mechanical extraction)
Biological agents (oil metabolizing microbes)
Mechanical washing
Trenches
Dredging
http://www.slickbar.com/slickbar/oil_booms/air_inflatable_boom/
Boom
http://www.americanlisted.com/georgia_10/boats_5/skimmers_r_us_oil_spill_boats_oil_skimmers_oil_skimmer_skimmer_17035079.html
http://www.americantex.com/id3.html
Sorbent
http://www.mass.gov/dep/cleanup/os/Pages/Sorbents.html
http://www.wiredchemist.com/environmental/instructional/a-case-study-of-the-exxon-valdez-oil-spill-of-1989/oil-spill-containment-and-cleanup-technology
http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/one-more-reason-oil-spills-arebad-surface-cleanup-can-make-it-worse-for-fish-below.html
http://www.black-tides.com/uk/response/response-at-sea/dispersion.php
http://gulfofmexicooilspillblog.com/2011/02/12/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-blog-beach-clean-up-matrix/
http://www.evidence.org.kw/photos.php?page=4066_Oil-Filled-Trench