OUTPUT DAN PENDAPATAN NASIONAL Arus Sirkuler

Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
OUTPUT DAN PENDAPATAN
NASIONAL
Arus Sirkuler: Klasik
Revenue
Goods
and services
sold
MARKETS
FOR
GOODS AND SERVICES
•Firms sell
•Households buy
FIRMS
•Produce and sell
goods and services
•Hire and use factors
of production
Factors of
production
Wages, rent,
and profit
Spending
Goods and
services
bought
HOUSEHOLDS
•Buy and consume
goods and services
•Own and sell factors
of production
MARKETS
FOR
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
•Households sell
•Firms buy
Labor, land,
and capital
Income
= Flow of inputs
and outputs
= Flow of dollars
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Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
Arus Sirkuler: Modern
Pinjaman
PENANAM MODAL
LEMBAGA KEUANGAN
Revenue
Investment
Goods
and services
sold
MARKETS
FOR
GOODS AND SERVICES
•Firms sell
•Households buy
FIRMS
•Produce and sell
goods and services
•Hire and use factors
of production
Spending
Goods and
services
bought
Saving
HOUSEHOLDS
•Buy and consume
goods and services
•Own and sell factors
of production
Factors of
production
Wages, rent,
and profit
MARKETS
FOR
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
•Households sell
•Firms buy
Labor, land,
and capital
Income
= Flow of inputs
and outputs
= Flow of dollars
Output Nasional
• Output Nasional adalah Total Output
Barang dan jasa Akhir di suatu negara
dalam periode tertentu
• Output Nasional  dinilai dengan uang
 Pendapatan Nasional
• Konsep Kunci Output / Pendapatan 
Produk Domestik/Nasional Bruto (Simon
Kuznets, 1934)
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Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
Pendekatan Mengukur PDB
• Pendekatan dalam mengukur Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB)
adalah:
1. Pendekatan Produksi
 Nilai Total Barang & Jasa Akhir / Value Added
2. Pendekatan Pendapatan
 Nilai Total Pendapatan (gaji, upah, sewa, laba,
pendapatan bunga)
3. Pendekatan Pengeluaran
 Nilai Total Pengeluaran (konsumsi, investasi,
pengeluaran pemerintah, ekspor netto)
total production = total income = total expenditure
TABLE: Components of U.S. GDP, 2004: The Expenditure Approach
BILLIONS OF
DOLLARS
Personal consumption expenditures (C)
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
8,214.3
Services
Gross private domestic investment (l)
Change in business inventories
Government consumption and gross
investment (G)
Federal
8.4
20.2
4,858.2
41.4
16.4
1,198.8
673.8
10.2
5.7
55.4
0.5
18.9
827.6
7.1
1,388.3
11.8
-624.0
Exports (EX)
- 5.3
1,173.8
Imports (IM)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
987.8
2,368.3
2,215.9
State and local
Net exports (EX – IM)
70.0
1,928.1
Nonresidential
Residential
PERCENTAGE
OF GDP
10.0
1,797.8
11,734.3
15.3
100.0
Note: Numbers may not add exactly because of rounding.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
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Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
Istilah dalam Pendapatan Nasional
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Plus: Receipts of factor income from the rest of the
world
Less: Payments of factor income to the rest of the world
Equals: GNP (Gross National Product )
Less: Depreciation
Equals: Net National Product (NNP)
Less: Statistical discrepancy
Equals: National Income
Istilah dalam Pendapatan Nasional
National income
Less: Amount of national income not going to
households
Equals: Personal income
Less: Personal income taxes
Equals: Disposable personal income
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Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
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Peng Ekonomi Makro
Output & Pendapatan Nasional
Kegunaan Data Pendapatan Nasional
• Kegunaan Data Pendapatan Nasional adalah
memberi gambaran tentang
1. Kegiatan ekonomi negara yang dicapai
2. Nilai output yang diproduksi
3. Komposisi pembelanjaan agregat
4. Sumbangan berbagai jenis penerimaan
5. Taraf kemakmuran yang dicapai
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