daftar isi

DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL................................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................ iii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... viii
Intisari ..................................................................................................................... x
Abstract .................................................................................................................. xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1
1.1
Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1
1.2
Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 2
1.3
Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................... 3
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... 3
1.5
Batasan Masalah ....................................................................................... 3
1.6
Metode dan Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 4
1.7
Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................................... 5
1.8
Sistematika Penulisan Laporan ................................................................. 5
BAB II DASAR TEORI ......................................................................................... 7
2.1
Fenomena Petir ......................................................................................... 7
2.1.1
Mekanisme Terjadinya Petir ..................................................................... 7
2.1.2
Jenis Sambaran Petir ............................................................................... 14
2.1.3
Bentuk Gelombang Petir ......................................................................... 15
2.2
Tegangan Lebih pada Sistem Tenaga Listrik.......................................... 16
2.2.1
Tegangan Lebih Petir .............................................................................. 17
2.2.2
Tegangan Lebih Surja Hubung ............................................................... 17
2.2.3
Tegangan Lebih Sementara..................................................................... 18
2.3
Ketahanan Tegangan Peralatan Listrik ................................................... 18
2.4
Arester ..................................................................................................... 19
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2.4.1
Prinsip Kerja Arester............................................................................... 21
2.4.2
Rating Arester ......................................................................................... 23
2.4.3
Gas Tube Arrester ................................................................................... 25
2.4.4
Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) ................................................................. 27
2.5
Sistem Telepon........................................................................................ 29
BAB III METODOLOGI ...................................................................................... 32
3.1
Pendahuluan ............................................................................................ 32
3.2
Sumber Data............................................................................................ 33
3.3
Alat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 34
3.3.1
High Voltage Testing Device, Type D205 (52), Ogawa Seiki Co., Ltd .. 34
3.3.2
Variac / SVR ............................................................................................ 37
3.3.3
Trafo Step Up .......................................................................................... 37
3.3.4
Penyearah Gelombang (Rectifier) ........................................................... 38
3.3.5
Pembagi Tegangan (Voltage Divider) .................................................... 40
3.3.6
Osiloskop ................................................................................................ 43
3.3.7
Konektor RJ-11 ....................................................................................... 45
3.3.8
Laptop Lenovo G450 .............................................................................. 46
3.4
Bahan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 47
3.5
Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................. 48
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .............................................................. 52
4.1
Pengujian Arus Bocor Arester Sebelum Diterpa Impuls ........................ 52
4.2
Pengujian Tegangan Residu Arester ....................................................... 53
4.3
Pengujian Arus Bocor Arester Setelah Diterpa Impuls .......................... 83
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN................................................................ 85
5.1
KESIMPULAN ....................................................................................... 85
5.2
SARAN ................................................................................................... 86
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 87
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 88
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Klas Ketahanan Tegangan .................................................................... 18
Tabel 2.2 Perkembangan Jenis Arester ................................................................. 20
Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Laptop ................................................................................. 47
Tabel 4.1 Data pengujian pengukuran gelombang impuls arester sebelum dan
sesudah dipasang arester ......................................................................79
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Siklus Kondensasi ............................................................................... 9
Gambar 2.2 Badai Listrik ...................................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.3 Ionisasi Udara.................................................................................... 11
Gambar 2.4 Step Leader Pattern........................................................................... 12
Gambar 2.5 Proses Penyatuan Antara Sambaran Upward dan Downward .......... 13
Gambar 2.6 Proses Tahapan Petir (Aulia, Aldo, 2013) ......................................... 14
Gambar 2.7 Bentuk Umum Gelombang Surja Petir ............................................. 16
Gambar 2.8 Multi-Electrode Gas Tube Arrester dengan Menggunakan Tiga Buah
Elektroda ............................................................................................................... 26
Gambar 2.9 Grafik Kerja GTA dengan Tiga Buah Elektroda .............................. 26
Gambar 2.10 Kurva V-I Metal Oxide Varistor ..................................................... 28
Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Penelitian .................................................................... 34
Gambar 3.2 Pembangkit Tegangan Tinggi Impuls ............................................... 35
Gambar 3.3 Panel Kontrol Ogawa Seiki ............................................................... 36
Gambar 3.4 Variac ................................................................................................ 37
Gambar 3.5 Rangkaian Ekivalen Trafo ................................................................. 38
Gambar 3.6 Rangkaian Penyearah Setengah Gelombang ..................................... 39
Gambar 3.7 Bentuk Gelombang Keluaran ............................................................ 40
Gambar 3.8 Rangkaian Pembagi Tegangan .......................................................... 41
Gambar 3.9 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian (1) ......................................................... 41
Gambar 3.10 Penyederhanaan Rangkaian (2) ....................................................... 41
Gambar 3.11 Osiloskop GDS-2104 ...................................................................... 43
Gambar 3.12 Kabel dan Konektor RJ-11 .............................................................. 46
Gambar 3.13 Konfigurasi Pin RJ-11 ..................................................................... 46
Gambar 3.14 Laptop Lenovo G450 ...................................................................... 47
Gambar 3.15 Arester RJ-11 .................................................................................. 48
Gambar 3.16 Rangkaian Pengujian Pemotongan Gelombang .............................. 50
Gambar 3.17 Rangkaian Pengujian Arus Bocor Arester ...................................... 51
Gambar 3.18 Blok Diagram Sistem Pengujian Karakteristik Arrester ................. 51
Gambar 4.1 Perbandingan Arus Bocor Terhadap Tegangan Kerja....................... 52
Gambar 4.2 Gas Tube Arrester pada arester RJ-11 .............................................. 53
Gambar 4.3 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Pertama............................ 55
Gambar 4.4 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Kedua .............................. 56
Gambar 4.5 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Ketiga .............................. 59
Gambar 4.6 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Keempat .......................... 63
Gambar 4.7 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Kelima ............................. 65
Gambar 4.8 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Keenam ........................... 67
Gambar 4.9 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Ketujuh ............................ 71
Gambar 4.10 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Kedelapan...................... 72
Gambar 4.11 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Kesembilan.................... 75
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Gambar 4.12 Gelombang Tegangan Impuls Percobaan Kesepuluh...................... 77
Gambar 4.13 Hubungan Tegangan Puncak dengan Tegangan Residu Arester .... 79
Gambar 4.14 Grafik perbandingan tegangan residu dengan standar peralatan
listrik (SNI 04-7021.2.1-2004) .......................................................82
Gambar 4.15 Grafik Hubungan Tegangan Kerja dengan Arus Bocor Setelah
diberi Tegangan Impuls ..................................................................84
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