arah kebijakan nasional dalam perjanjian internasional

ARAH KEBIJAKAN NASIONAL DALAM PERJANJIAN
INTERNASIONAL PERDAGANGAN JASA DAN
INVESTASI
FGD PEMBAHASAN CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES PADA INVESTMENT CHAPTER DALAM
PERJANJIAN FTA
Medan, 10 Desember 2015
Staf Ahli Mendag Bidang Diplomasi perdagangan
Kementerian Perdagangan R.I.
SERVICES CHAPTER AND INVESTMENT
CHAPTER DI WTO
2
TRADE IN SERVICES DIATUR DI WTO AGREEMENTS
DALAM ANNEX 1B, GATs. Perjanjian ini berlaku untuk
perdagangan jasa yang dilakukan melalui 4 Moda
Investasi di WTO: AGREEMENT ON TRADE RELATED
INVESTMENT MEASURES: perjanjian ini berlaku bagi
investment measures yang terkait dengan perdagangan
barang. Isu yang diatur adalah National Treatment and
Quantitative Restrictions, Notification, Transparency
dan Consultation and Dispute Settlement.
Pola BIT tidak masuk dalam WTO
The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
SERVICES CHAPTER AND INVESTMENT
CHAPTER DI IJEPA
3
Trade in Services di IJEPA mengikuti GATs,
namun dengan jelas mencantumkan
ketentuan mengenai Rachet dan MFN
automatic dan Standstill
Investment di IJEPA dalam annex NCM dan
Reservation List mengkomitmenkan KLBI
termasuk Jasa.
The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
APPROACH DALAM PERUNDINGAN
Ada 3 Opsi
 Option 1: Chapter Investasi mencakup semua investasi yang
terkait dengan barang dan jasa. Chapter Jasa mencakup 3
moda suplai tidak termasuk commercial presence

Option 2: Chapter investasai tidak mencakup measures yang
dicakup oleh chapter jasa. Chapter Jasa mencakup 4 moda
suplai.

Option 3: Chapter Investasi mencakup semua investasi.
Chapter Jasa mencakup 4 moda suplai
The Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia
General Observation
 How and where investment in services is regulated…
How
Where
Approach
Positive
Services Chapter
GATS-inspired
Negative
Investment Chapter
NAFTA-inspired
 That affects…
1
Structure of the agreement
2
Investment protection
3
Investment liberalization
 Each type has its own mechanism on protecting
investment in services, however the level of protection
and liberalization is different
2
Overlap: Investment and Services Chapters
Investment
Chapter
Investment
in Services
Services
Chapter
Positive Lists
 Liberalisation obligations:
 e.g. Market Access, National Treatment
 subject to terms, limitations and conditions outlined in schedules of specific
commitments
 Schedules:
 usually arranged by sector or sub-sector
 based on agreed nomenclature

e.g. Central Product Classification (CPC) prepared by UN Statistics Division
 Only those sectors listed are subject to liberalisation obligations
 i.e. no commitments unless the sector is explicitly listed
 Examples:
 WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)
 AANZFTA
Negative Lists
 Liberalisation obligations apply to all measures in all
sectors and sub-sectors


subject to annexes of non-conforming measures (NCM)
i.e. full commitments unless an applicable NCM is scheduled
 Usually provide a two-annex list of NCMs



Annex I: standstill of existing NCMs
Annex II: policy space for future measures
May include an Annex III for financial services
 Examples:



ANZCERTA Services Protocol (1989)
Australia-Singapore FTA (2003); Australia-Korea FTA (2014);
Australia-Japan (2014)
Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (2006)
Overview of an investment chapter
Definitions
Administrative provisions
Substantive treatment obligations (core disciplines):
Liberalisation obligations:
Protections:
Expropriation
Exceptions
MFN
MST
NT
Transfers
PRs
SMBD
Subrogation
Reservations /
Non-Conforming Measures
(NCMs)
Overview of services provisions
Definitions
Administrative provisions
Substantive treatment obligations (core disciplines):
Liberalisation commitments:
General Obligations:
Exceptions
MFN
NT
MA
Transparency
Domestic Regulation
Recognition
Local Presence
Commitments /
Reservations
KESIMPULAN: KEBIJAKAN APA YANG
SEHARUSNYA KITA BUAT
 KALAU KITA INGIN MENARIK INVESTASI MAKA




NEGATIVE LIST MENJADI PILIHAN
JIKA KITA INGIN IKUT DALAM TPP dan IEUCEPA
APA YANG KITA HARUS LAKUKAN: menginventarisasi
semua perjanjian jasa dan investasi apa saja yang kita
sudah komitmenkan dan bagaimana kita merevisi UU
Investasi, UU Ketenagakerjaan dan Ketentuan lain yang
tidak mendukung investasi
Bappenas perlu meredesign mengenai “harus selektif”
Untuk perunding Investasi dan Kunjungan wisata
sebagai pengganti dari trade deficit
TERIMAKASIH
[email protected]