optical 1

hafrans.blogspot.com
FIS 1
Optics (I)
A.
PRELIMINARY
Light reflection law:
Optics is the study of light.
line
The properties of light:
1) Had the rapid propagation of 3.0 x 10 8 m / s.
2) Is a transverse wave and
Electromagnetic.
ir normal
3) Propagate in a straight direction.
i=r
4) Direction of propagation can not be influenced by
terrain magnetic or electric (not charged).
Rays come, normal and reflected ray lines
5) Part of the solar spectrum.
The properties
located in one plane.
light
as
wave
The angle of incidence (i) light similar to
Electromagnetic is able to experience:
the angle of reflection (r).
1) Reflection (reflection)
C.
2) Dispersion / refraction (refraction)
LIGHT REFLECTION IN THE MIRROR
3) Diffraction (flexing)
light reflection the mirror is divided into three, namely the flat
4)
mirrors and curved mirrors.
Interference (blend)
5) Polarization (polarity)
light reflection the mirror produces two types of images:
Light consists of:
a. The shadows ( shadow), is the area
a. true shadow / real, ie shadow
dark around the object, namely:
-
Umbra
(Shadows
core),
gets light at all.
-
screen.
b. the virtual image / apparent, namely shadow
are behind the mirror, can not capture the screen and straight /
penumbra ( Additional shadows), still got a bit of light. b.
parallel.
Shadow ( image), is a bright area
flat mirror is not curved mirror surface (flat).
in the form of light reflected or refracted ray.
B.
located in front of the mirror, can be arrested and reversed
no
REFLECTION OF LIGHT
The nature shadow generated by the flat mirror:
Light reflectance (reflection) is a direction change event
creepage
light as a result of
mashing particular medium.
a. As great as the original object
b.
light reflection on a plane:
The object distance equal to the distance of the shadow
c. The position of the shadow are swapped horizontally
d. Maya / pseudo
e. Straight / parallel
If There are two flat mirrors flanked by an angle, will form more than
one shadow.
a. Diffuse reflection / diffuse ,
occur
on
The amount of shadow that can be formed:
uneven and rough surface, less light intensity.
n = number of shadow
n=
360
α-x
α = the wedge angle mirror x = 1, if
the quotient is even x = 0, if the
results for odd
If someone wants a mirror so that all parts of his body visible, then
mirrors the minimum height is:
b. Reflection
regular ,
occur
flat and smooth surface, high light intensity.
on
h mirror = 1/2 xh object
OPTIKA (I)
1
haifania
FIS 1
Room the convex mirror:
curved mirrors consists of a concave mirror and a convex mirror.
IV
On the curved mirror, there are several points, namely the focal point
II
III
I
(f) and the center of curvature (R). Both points lie on the main axis.
Score
Rf
focus distance and radius of curvature is:
Because the object is always to be in one room, then the shadow
f=
1
properties do not vary.
R = 2f
2R
Mirror
The nature shadow is virtual / virtual, straight / parallel and
sunken is
mirror
minimized.
that
Special lights the convex mirror:
curved surface into and collecting beam (converging).
Room the concave mirror:
III
II
R
I
Rf
IV
f
a. Rays coming parallel to the main axis
reflected as if from f.
b. Rays coming toward f will be reflected
The nature shadow The resulting concave mirror can
parallel to the main axis.
many kinds of. Nature shadow determined by room
mirror. The nature of
c. beam
starting place.
the image: Shadow Objects
Equation curved mirrors is:
The nature shadow
I
IV
virtual, erect, enlarged
II
III
True, inverted, magnified
III
II
True, reversed, minimized
f
∞
R
R
f = the focal distance of the object
1
f=
1
distance s = s' = distance of the
s + 1s'
shadow
In a convex mirror, the value of f and s' is negative,
-
so that
True, upside down, as large
equation
mirror
lengkungnya be:
a. Summation of space objects with space
-
shadow is 5.
b.
who came to the R will be reflected back to the
If the shadow space> space objects, the enlarged shadow, and
1
f=
1
s + 1s'
magnification objects the curved mirrors can be formulated:
vice versa.
Special lights a concave mirror:
M = magnification of objects
M=|
R
D.
f
s'
s | = | h 'h |
objects h = height h '= height of
the shadow
REFRACTION OF LIGHT
Refraction
light
is
event
bending direction of propagation of light when light passes through
the interface of two media of different density.
a. Rays coming parallel to the main axis
reflected toward f.
The law of refraction of light ( Snell):
b. The light coming through f will be reflected
parallel to the main axis.
c.
Rays come, normal line and a refracted ray
located in one plane.
beam coming through R will reflected back to the
starting place.
Rays coming from a less dense medium to
Convex mirror mirror surface is curved to
outside and
spread beam (divergent).
more dense refracted approaching the line
normal, and vice versa.
OPTIKA (I)
2
FIS 1
Email:[email protected]
The nature of the image:
line
a. Summation of space objects with space
shadow is 5.
b.
i
If the shadow space> space objects, the enlarged shadow.
boundary
Shadow
r normal
E.
REFRACTION OF LIGHT BY THE LENS
Refraction of light occurs by a convex lens (positive) and the
concave lens (negative).
objects
The nature shadow
I
IV
virtual, erect, enlarged
II
III
True, inverted, magnified
III
II
f
∞
R
R
True, reversed, minimized
True, upside down, as large
Special lights the convex lens:
Refraction of light the lens produces two types of images:
+
a. true shadow /real, namely shadow
which is behind the lens, can not capture the screen and
straight / parallel.
b. the virtual image / Pseudo namely shadow
2f
located in front of the lens, can be arrested and reversed
f
2f '
f'
screen.
Thus, the properties of light refraction shadow contrast
the nature of the shadow of the reflected beam.
a. Rays coming parallel to the main axis
focusing distance the lens is affected by the radius of curvature and the
refracted into f '.
refractive index of the medium and the lens.
b. Rays coming through the optical center is not
focusing distance lens can be calculated:
1
f=[nn
LM
1
- 1] [ 1 R 1 + R
2
refracted.
c.
]
Rays coming through the main f refracted parallel to the main
axis.
A concave lens / negative is a lens that has at least one concave
side and air-spread nature of the light beam (divergent).
f = focal distance of the lens n L = the refractive index of the lens n M =
the refractive index of the medium R 1 = the radius of curvature of the
front side of R 2 = the radius of curvature of the rear side
Miscellaneous a concave lens:
Convex lens / positive is a lens that has at least one convex side
and and are collecting beam (converging).
Miscellaneous convex lens:
biconcave
konkafkonveks
plankonkaf
Room the convex lens / positive:
biconvex
-
konkafkonveks
plankonveks
IV front
Room the convex lens / positive:
front
III
+
II
2f
back
I
f
2f
f
back
I
III II
f'
2f '
'IV
f'
2f
The nature shadow is virtual / virtual, straight / parallel and
minimized.
OPTIKA (I)
3
FIS 1
materi78.co.nr
Special lights the convex lens:
lens equation is:
-
1
f = the focal distance of the object
distance s = s' = distance of the
f = 1 s + 1s'
shadow
In the concave lens, the value of f and s' is negative, so that the lens
equation becomes:
2f
f
2f '
f'
1
- f = 1 s + 1s'
magnification objects on
a. Rays coming parallel to the main axis
lens can
formulated:
refracted as if from the main f.
M = magnification of objects
b. Rays coming through the optical center is not
M=|
refracted.
c.
s'
Rays coming towards f 'is refracted parallel to the main axis.
objects h = height h '= height of
s | = | h 'h |
the shadow
lens power is a measure of the ability and power of the lens to
distribute or collect rays, can be formulated:
Lens can be arranged into three:
1) single lens
2) The combined lens within
P=
3) The combined lens is not within
1
P = lens power (diopters) f = lens
focal distance (m)
f
+
d
f1
f'1
two lens within juxtaposed to form a new lens equation.
2f
f2
f'2
magnification lens for
The combined lens
within:
lens equation for
The combined lens
lens 1
lens 2
within:
lens 1
1
f1=1s1
lens 2
+
1
s'
1
1
f2=1s2
s'
+
M 1=|
1
s'
2
long tubus or the distance between the lens can be calculated:
1
s1
|
s'
M 2=|
2
s2
|
magnification total
M=M1xM2
d = s' ob + s ok
OPTIKA (I)
4