bahasa pemrograman - E

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
:: BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN ::
USING JAVA
Tentang saya
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Nur Cahyo Wibowo, S.Kom, M.Kom
S1 Teknik Informatika ITS 1998 – 2003
S2 Teknik Informatika ITS 2006 – 2009
HP 081 230 544 039
Griya Pesona Asri E-21, Medokan Ayu
Email: [email protected] atau
[email protected] (YM)
• Face book : Nur Cahyo Wibowo
• MK : BP, BP2, Struktur Data
• http://bluejundi.wordpress.com
BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN
• PENILAIAN:
– UTS/UAS
– TUGAS/QUIZ
– KEHADIRAN
60 %
30 %
10 %
• NILAI AKHIR = (NA UTS + NA UAS) / 2
INTRO TO
PROGRAMMING
PROLOG:
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
HARDWARE
PROGRAMMING
O/ S
GAMES
APPLICATIONS
BRAINWARE
PROGRAMMING FRAMEWORK
FILE APLIKASI
COMPILING
RUNNING
SOURCE CODE
MEMORI/ RAM
OPERATING
CODING
USER
PROGRAMMER
PROGRAMMING HISTORY
LANGUAGE GENERATION
• 1ST GENERATION – Machine Language
ASSEMBLER
• 2ND GENERATION – Human Language
FORTRAN, C, PASCAL, BASIC
• 3RD GENERATION – Visual, OOP
DELPHI, JAVA, VISUAL BASIC
• 4TH GENERATION – DBMS
SQL (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE)
ALGORITHM & FLOWCHART
• Tujuan :
1. Mahasiswa dapat menjelaskan apa itu
algoritma dan flowchart.
2. Mahasiswa dapat menyebutkan beberapa
simbol dasar flowchart.
3. Mahasiswa terampil dalam membuat
algoritma dan flowchart untuk suatu studi
kasus.
Lee & Lu
Algorithm is…
• A computable set of steps to achieve a desired
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result. Paul E. Black
An explicit, precise, unambiguous, mechanicallyexecutable sequence of elementary instructions.
Jeff Erickson
An effective method for solving a problem using
a finite sequence of instructions. Wikipedia
A list of well-defined instructions for completing
a task. Wikipedia
ALGORITHM
• Adalah urutan langkah-langkah logika yang
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1.
2.
3.
menyatakan suatu tugas dalam menyelesaikan
suatu masalah atau problem.
Contoh: Buat algoritma untuk menentukan apakah
suatu bilangan merupakan bilangan ganjil atau
bilangan genap.
Algoritmanya :
Bagi bilangan dengan bilangan 2.
Hitung sisa hasil bagi pada langkah 1.
Bila sisa hasil bagi sama dengan 0 maka bilangan
itu adalah bilangan genap tetapi bila sisa hasil bagi
sama dengan 1 maka bilangan itu adalah bilangan
ganjil.
Some Example
Buatlah algoritma untuk:
1. Membuat mi instan
2. Sarapan
3. Berangkat ke kampus
4. Menyalakan komputer
5. Mencetak file dokumen
Note: definisikan terlebih dulu kondisi awal dan akhir
1.
2.
3.
4.
Buka file dokumen
Cek printer
Jika lampu menyala klik tombol printer
Jika lampu tidak menyala maka ulangi
langkah 2.
What is Flowchart
• A diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict
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the nature and flow of the steps in a process.
Another name for this tool is flow diagram.
Maps or graphical representations of a process.
Steps in a process are shown with symbolic
shapes, and the flow of the process is indicated
with arrows connecting the symbols.
What Flowchart for
• Promote process understanding by explaining
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the steps pictorially. People may have differing
ideas about how a process works. A flowchart
can help you gain agreement about the
sequence of steps.
Flowcharts promote understanding in a way that
written procedures cannot do. One good
flowchart can replace pages of words.
Flowchart & Programming
• The flowchart is a means of visually presenting the flow
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of data through an information processing systems, the
operations performed within the system and the
sequence in which they are performed.
Program flowchart, which describes what operations
(and in what sequence) are required to solve a given
problem.
The program flowchart can be likened to the blueprint of
a building. As we know a designer draws a blueprint
before starting construction on a building.
Similarly, a programmer prefers to draw a flowchart prior
to writing a computer program.
MEANING OF A FLOWCHART
• Flowcharts are generally drawn in the early stages of
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formulating computer solutions.
Flowcharts facilitate communication between
programmers and business people.
These flowcharts play a vital role in the programming of
a problem and are quite helpful in understanding the
logic of complicated and lengthy problems.
Once the flowchart is drawn, it becomes easy to write
the program in any high level language.
Often we see how flowcharts are helpful in explaining
the program to others.
Hence, it is correct to say that a flowchart is a must for
the better documentation of a complex program.
FLOWCHART
• Biasa disebut dengan diagram alir.
• Salah satu metode untuk
merepresentasikan algoritma selain
pseudocode dan urut-urutan langkah.
• Menggunakan simbol-simbol bangun datar
beserta anak panah sebagai penunjuk
arah proses.
Some Guidelines
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The flowchart should be clear, neat and easy to follow. There
should not be any room for ambiguity.
The usual flow direction is from left to right or top to bottom.
Only one flow line should come out from a process symbol.
Only one flow line should enter a decision symbol, but two or
three flow lines should leave the decision symbol.
Only one flow line is used in conjunction with terminal symbol.
Write within standard symbols briefly. As necessary, you can use
the annotation symbol to describe more clearly.
If the flowchart becomes complex, it is better to use connector
symbols to reduce the number of flow lines. Avoid the
intersection of flow lines.
Ensure that the flowchart has a logical start and finish.
It is useful to test the validity of the flowchart by passing
through it with a simple test data.
SIMBOL
NAMA
FUNGSI
TERMINATOR
Permulaan/ akhir
program
GARIS ALIR
(FLOW LINE)
Arah aliran program
PREPARATION
Proses inisialisasi/
pemberian harga awal
PROSES
Proses perhitungan/
proses pengolahan
data
INPUT/ OUTPUT
DATA
Proses input/ output data,
parameter, informasi
PREDEFINED
PROCESS
(SUB PROGRAM)
Permulaan sub program/ proses
menjalankan sub program
DECISION
Perbandingan pernyataan,
penyeleksian data yang
memberikan pilihan untuk
langkah selanjutnya
ON PAGE
CONNECTOR
Penghubung bagian-bagian
flowchart yang berada pada satu
halaman
OFF PAGE
CONNECTOR
Penghubung bagian-bagian
flowchart yang berada pada
halaman berbeda
Contoh:
Flowchart untuk menentukan bilangan genap atau ganjil
Start
Input
Bilangan
Hitung sisa bagi
antara bilangan
dengan angka 2
A
Apakah
Sisa = 0
T
Y
Cetak
Genap
A
End
Cetak
Ganjil
AKAR PERS. KUADRAT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mulai
Masukkan nilai variabel A, B, C
Hitung D = B2 – 4*A*C
Jika D = 0 maka X1 = X2 = – B/(2*A)
Tapi jika D < 0 maka X1, X2 Imaginer
selain itu maka X1,2 = (– B ± √D)/(2*A)
Tampilkan X1, X2
Selesai
DIKET: Y = AX2 + BX + C
Start
Input Nilai
A, B, C
FLOWCHART AKAR
PERSAMAAN KUADRAT
D = B2 – 4*A*C
Y
D=0
?
T
X1 = X2 = – B/(2*A)
Y
D<0
?
X = (– B ± √D)/(2*A)
T
X1, X2 Imaginer
Cetak
X1, X2
End
Bilangan Faktorial
1. Mulai
2. Masukkan N (N adalah bilangan yang akan
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
dihitung nilai faktorialnya)
Set variabel Faktorial  1
Set variabel Angka  1
Hitung Faktorial  Faktorial * Angka
Angka  Angka + 1
Apakah Angka > N ? Jika TIDAK kembali ke
langkah (5). Jika YA tampilkan nilai Faktorial.
Selesai
FLOWCHART FAKTORIAL
EX. 4! = 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 =
24
Start
Input N
A
Faktorial = Faktorial * Angka
Angka = Angka + 1
T
Faktorial  1
Angka  1
Angka > N ?
Y
A
Cetak
Faktorial
End
LATIHAN SOAL
1. Buatlah flowchart untuk memasak mi instan!
2. Buatlah flowchart untuk naik angkot/ lyn!
3. Buat algoritma untuk menghitung jumlah N suku dari
4.
5.
6.
deret aritmatika dengan pola berikut :
Sn = 3 + 7 + 11 + …… + (4n-1)
Buat flowchart untuk mencetak pasangan nilai X dan Y
dimana hubungan antara X dan Y memenuhi persamaan
Y = X3 – 2X +1 dan nilai x berubah dari –10 sampai 10 !
Buat algoritma + flowchart untuk menentukan apakah
suatu bilangan merupakan bilangan prima atau bukan!
Buat algoritma + flowchart untuk mencetak N buah
bilangan prima yang pertama!