PANDANGAN ISLAM TERHADAP KELOMPOK DALAM

Pandangan Islam Terhadap Kelompok Dalam Masyarakat
PANDANGAN ISLAM TERHADAP KELOMPOK
DALAM MASYARAKAT
Wirdawati*
Abstract
Since the early history of Islam with the virtue call by the Messenger Muhammad
SAW to embrace Islam amongst varied clans and communities, respect of other
beliefs and religious groups have been put into practice. The culminating sociopolitical evidence was the written constitution of city-state of Madinah which most
religious and factions in the city had put their signature declare mutual respect of
other beliefs and recognition of religious existence. This paper examines the
Islamic doctrine of respect of “others”, examining the plurality of ethnic groups
and social classes. The approach is normative one by citing some relevant verses
in the Quran. Along with doctrinal aspect, the paper also looks into the ethical
dimension of Islamic doctrine especially with regard to the call for responsibility
among the rich to re-distribute wealth and the recognition of rights of the poor.
The study comes to the conclusion that both in normative level and empirical
evidence, respect of “others” and recognition of plurality in the early history of
Islam had been implemented.
Key words: Constitution of Madinah, doctrine of respect of “others”, moral
obligation of the rich, social classes.
PENDAHULUAN
Di jazirah Arab pada saat Rasulullah SAW melancarkan dakwahnya telah
terdapat berbagai bangsa baik yang menetap ataupun yang merantau. Selain itu
kebesaran Kekaisaran Romawi dan Kekaisaran Persia juga telah didengar
Rasulullah SAW. Tentang tentaranya, tentang warna kulitnya, tentang bahasanya
dan tentang peradabannya, suatu kenyataan kemanusiaan yang merupakan
cerminan dari terdapatnya eksistensi yang lebih tinggi.
Ditengah-tengah kegagalan manusia dalam memahami hakikat perbedaan
berbagai masyarakat dalam Islam dijelaskan …hal itu meupakan karunia Allah
SWT. Pernyataan Al Qur’an, “Dan diantara tanda-tanda kekuasaan-Nya ialah
*Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi/FISP, Universitas Nasional Jakarta
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